All posts in Statues, Sculptures, & Public Art

The Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial is located in West Potomac Park in Washington, DC. This memorial is America’s 395th national park. The official address of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial, 1964 Independence Avenue, SW, commemorates the year that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 became law.

The memorial opened to the public on August 22, 2001. The official grand opening ceremony was scheduled for Sunday, August 28, 2001, the 48th anniversary of the “I Have a Dream” speech given by Dr. King from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in 1963, but was postponed because of Hurricane Irene. It was dedicated on October 16, 2011, the 16th anniversary of the Million Man March.

Though this is not the first memorial to an African American in Washington, DC, Dr. King is the first African American honored with a memorial on the National Mall and only the fourth non-President to be memorialized in such a way.

The memorial is situated on a four-acre site between the Tidal Basin and Independence Avenue, SW. The centerpiece of the memorial is based on a line from King’s “I Have a Dream” speech: “Out of a mountain of despair, a stone of hope.” A 30 foot-high relief of Dr. King, named the “Stone of Hope,” stands past two other pieces of granite that symbolize the “mountain of despair.”

A 450 foot-long inscription wall includes excerpts from many of King’s sermons and speeches. The earliest excerpt is from the time of the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott in Alabama. The latest from his final sermon, delivered in 1968 at Washington DC’s National Cathedral, just four days before his assassination.

The memorial also includes 24 niches along the upper walkway to commemorate the contribution of the many individuals who gave their lives to the civil rights movement in different ways – from Medgar Evans to the four children murdered in the 16h Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham. A number of the niches are left open and incomplete, allowing them to be dedicated as new individuals are honored.

Another inscription on the “Stone of Hope” reads “I Was a Drum Major for Justice, Peace, and Righteousness.” This paraphrased version of King’s original quote: “If you want to say that I was a drum major, say that I was a drum major for justice. Say that I was a drum major for peace. I was a drum major for righteousness. And all of the other shallow things will not matter.” has led to quite a bit of outrage and controversy.

The Lincoln Memorial, in Washington, DC, is a United States Presidential memorial built to honor 16th President Abraham Lincoln. The architect was Henry Bacon, the sculptor was Daniel Chester French, and the painter of the interior murals was Jules Guerin. The building is in the form of a Greek Doric temple and contains a large seated sculpture of Abraham Lincoln and inscriptions of two well-known speeches by Lincoln. The memorial has been the site of many famous speeches, including Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech, delivered on August 28, 1963, during the rally at the end of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the sixteenth President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1861 until his assassination. As an outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery in the United States, Lincoln won the Republican Party nomination in 1860 and was elected president later that year. During his term, he helped preserve the United States by leading the defeat of the secessionist Confederate States of America in the American Civil War. He introduced measures that resulted in the abolition of slavery, issuing his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and promoting the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865. Lincoln closely supervised the victorious war effort, especially the selection of top generals, including Ulysses S. Grant.

Lincoln is seated in an architectural throne chair with fasces posts, which in turn is placed on a 10-foot marble pedestal. His coat is unbuttoned; his hands are at rest on the arms of the chair; his facial expression seems to be one of vibrant contemplation. The memorial is surrounded by a colonnade of 38 fluted Doric columns. The top frieze contains the names of the forty-eight states which existed at the time of the dedication. The thirty-six states listed above the colonnade are those which existed at the time of Lincoln’s death. A series of Classical details, including swags, wreaths, and eagles, embellish the attic level of the building. The interior is divided into three sections by 50-foot high Ionic columns, the center section containing the statue by French. The chambers on each side contain murals. On the left wall Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address is inscribed, and on the right his Second Inaugural Address appears.